Everything about Wilayah totally explained
A
wilāyah (
Arabic: ولاية) or
vilâyet (in
Persian and
Ottoman Turkish) is an administrative division, usually translated as "
province." The word derives from the Arabic root
w-l-i, meaning "to govern": a
wāli 'governor' governs a
wilayah 'that which is governed'. Under the
Caliphate, it referred to one of the constituent near-sovereign states.
Use in specific countries
Middle East and North Africa
For
Morocco which is divided into provinces
and wilāyas the translation "province" would cause the distinction to cease. For
Sudan the term
state, and for
Mauritania the term
region is used.
See also:
The
governorates of Iraq (
muhafazah) are often translated as province, in contrast to official Iraqi documents and the general use for other Arab countries. This conflicts somehow with the general translation for muhafazah (
governorate) and wilāyah (province).
Malaysia and Indonesia
Wilayah Persekutuan is the
Malay term for
federal territory. In
Malaysia the term wilayah is used to represent central government controlled areas. Wilayah Persekutuan are the areas directly under the control of the federal government, which all other states in Malaysia are subordinate to. States such as
Penang and
Malacca enjoy far more autonomy from the central government, as they were former
Straits Settlements of Britain. A major difference between Penang Island can be seen in automatic granting citizenship to any persons born within the Island of Penang, regardless of the citizenship of the parents. This right is a derived form of a law from the British era called "
Jus soli". However neither Penang or Malacca actually practise their autonomy status in the spirit of unity within Malaysia. However east Malaysian states of
Sarawak and
Sabah practice a large degree of autonomy from the central government. Passports are required for a
Peninsular Malaysian to travel to Malaysian Borneo, although in the spirit of the union, these requirements maybe done away in the future.
Technically, Malaysia is only the areas covered within the Wilayah Persekutuan, all other states in the Federation of Malaysia are subordinate states to the federal government, which may choose to leave the federation. One former state has been expelled in the past; the state of
Singapore was expelled from the Malaysian Federation to form a new Republic of Singapore in the mid-Sixties.
However all Malaysians are equal federal citizens, meaning they owe no allegiance to the state, only to the federation of Malaysia, the
Yang di-Pertuan Agong, the Federal Constitution and the Malaysian Flag.
In
Indonesian wilayah means
area,
region or
regional, but doesn't refer to a level of government.
The Ottoman Empire and Central Asia together with Britain who ruled Iraq after WWI
Traditionally the provinces of the
Ottoman Empire were known as
eyâlets, but beginning in
1864, they were gradually restructured as
vilâyets – the Turkish pronunciation of the Arabic word
wilāyah.
This
Ottoman Turkish name is still used in several similar forms:
Provinces of Afghanistan (velayat)
Provinces of Tajikistan (singular: viloyat, plural: viloyatho)
Provinces of Turkmenistan (singular: welayat, plural: welayatlar)
Provinces of Uzbekistan (singular: viloyat, plural: viloyatlar)
The current provinces of Turkey are called il in Turkish.
Iran
In Iran, the word is also used unofficially.
South Asia
In Hindi and Urdu, the term Vilayet is used to refer to any Foreign Country. As an adjective Vilayeti is used to indicate an imported article or good.
Other areas
In Arabic, wilāyah is used to refer to the states of the United States, and the United States as a whole is called "الولايات المتحدة" (al Wilāyat al Muttaḥidah) literally meaning "the United States."
In the Tsez language, the districts of Dagestan are also referred to as "вилайат" (wilayat), plural "вилайатйоби" (wilayatyobi). But the term "район" (rayon), plural "районйаби" (rayonyabi) is also used.
Further Information
Get more info on 'Wilayah'.
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